Thoughts on Morocco I – the overwhelming pluses

After seven moths spent in Morocco, five of which living in the medina of Salé, and more than 15 cities visited, here are some thoughts on this experience.

Morocco has some of the friendliest people I’ve met. I was helped, hosted, and fed by complete strangers, in situations that rarely have a correspondence in Europe:

  • Neighbors bringing food & helping out – it happened in the new city and in the medina, our neighbors were very kind. They also helped when having to find food while I was sick, sending their children to some hidden shop in the medina. Or while having to deal with the intricacies of the counterfeited Jinkers water heater, fiding a good plumber, and dealing for the first time with changing gas tanks. Thanks Abdelhaq and Youssef in Fadesa!
  • Complete strangers inviting us to spend the night at their place, giving us food and a comfortable place to sleep. Thanks Firdaouss, Moustafa and Hind!
  • The policemen in Meknes, that invited us to share a tajine with them, while on duty. Too bad we could not take a picture to have as proof 🙂
  • The neighbors in the medina of Salé, that acted as close relatives, helping whenever we asked, and that called me on my mobile the second day after I left Morocco. Thank you so much!
  • Friends’ families that adopted me and my strange eating habits. It’s not easy being a vegetarian (+fish) in Morocco, but it’s manageable. Thanks Reda, mama-Reda, Amine, and…
  • … and all the friends in AIESEC and JCI that made my stay in Morocco so pleasant, thank you!
  • Random conversations with people – from bus stations to medina streets and tramway workers. It was incredible to listen and be engaged in conversations with total strangers, from all walks of life.
  • A private school that allowed me to spend my ‘other working hours’ using their internet and lobby to do online courses and talk to friends. Thanks ILCS, Abderrafi and Aicha!
  • The French teachers that helped me improve my language skills after I asked them to “politely correct my mistakes” 😀 Thanks Coralie!
  • The taxi driver that yelled something in Arabic while I was jogging, and something that I’d like to think was “Good job! Keep it up!”.

Thoughts on Morocco II – and some minuses

This post is dedicated to the less positive things in Morocco. I’ll make this part short – the negative aspects were greatly outnumbered by the positive ones – although it’s worth mentioning some of the least pleasant things:

  • traffic accidents and people that don’t seem to understand the importance of a helmet or safety belt. Those could help you, but what happens when you meet…
  • … drunk/ drugged drivers? I was surprised, to say the least, by the amount of young people with cars that drive under influence.
  • Also by the amount of people that do light drugs, by the amount of people that sell them – in Tangier people shamelessly offer hashish. From the hostel receptionist that offered me “chocolate”, to a random person on the street that pulled two packs out of his underwear – sell that, drug dealer!
  • One point for improvement would be if people would read more… buses in Morocco have no schedule, and often times I had to wait 45 minutes to one hour for a bus, time in which no-one opened a book
  • and my pet peeve – the plastic bag, which they give you plenty-of in Morocco. With a bread, with a pack of biscuits, with everything!

Thoughts on Morocco III – traveling

Morocco is an exotic country for many Europeans and traveling inside Morocco has its perks. The most obvious advantage is that it’s cheap, and if you take the time and patience to do it like the average Moroccan – with train, bus, and taxi – it will come out really cheap. You will also get the chance to meet the locals, something that is hard from a rented 4×4.

My advice is to travel in groups. If you travel two-three people, chances are you’ll get invited to people’s homes. You’ll be fed and even hosted by complete strangers, something that doesn’t happen very often in urban Europe. 6 is also a magic number when traveling in Morocco. It’s somehow unlikely that families will have the place to host all of you, but there’s a big advantage in mobility – you are exactly the right amount of people for a big taxi (grand taxi).

If you choose to travel like the locals, bring a considerable amount of patience. Trains usually come on time, but buses have nerve-breaking delays. In remote places such as Beni Mellal or Azilal it takes time until the taxi fills with the six passengers it needs to be full. So options are that you either wait or pay for the remaining empty seats. Which is cheap, but you’ll miss the chance to hug a stranger while sharing the right seat, no seatbelt, while the driver tops 100 on a curvy road…

Bac 3000

O teorie a motivării, numită Self-determination (SDT), se referă la alegerile pe care le facem fără a primi o recompensă din exterior. Pe scurt, unii dintre noi preferă recompensele venite din exterior (bani, bunuri materiale, servicii etc.), iar pentru alții activitatea și rezultate sunt mulțumitoare. Câteva dintre marile proiecte unde se contribuie voluntar sunt Linux și Wikipedia.

Karim Lakhani – profesor de management la MIT și Bob Wolf – consultant al Boston Consulting Group, au chestionat 684 de dezvoltatori open-source din America de Nord și Europa. Întrebați de ce participă benevol în astfel de proiecte, cercetătorii au descoperit că „cel mai des-amintit argument este motivarea interioară dată de plăcerea execuției și de cât de creativă se simte acea persoană când lucrează”.

Înapoi pe plaiurile mioritice

… să dezbatem decizia guvernului de a cadorisi elevii cu 10 la Bac. Prin prisma STD, cred că cei 3000 de lei dați elevilor cu media 10 la Bac nu „sare calul”. Iată câteva argumente care să explice aspectele pozitive ale deciziei:

  • banii au venit inopinat. Înainte de aflarea rezultatelor elevii nu știau că vor primi acești bani, în așa fel încât să poată spune „învăț pentru a încasa cei 3000 de lei”.
  • chiar și cu o asemenea țintă – voi lua 10 pentru a primi 3000 de lei – e destul de greu să fii focusat pe bateria de teste și cunoștințele pe care le presupune luarea notei maxime
  • banii dați după rezultate și contestații nu au cum să schimbe comportamentul elevilor, părinților sau profesorilor în ceea ce privește deznodământul examenului
  • fără să existe certitudiea că în următorii ani recompensele bănești vor continua, e puțin probabil ca etica și comportamentul elevilor, profesorilor, și părinților să fie afectate

Minusurile potențiale

Deși am argumentat că decizia de a recompensa fiecare elev cu 10 pe linie e momentan în limitele ok-ului, faptul că este parte din sfera politicului o face vulnerabilă la un destin populist. Guvernul se poate erija în părintele cu bani, care datorită unor slabe competențe de comunicare alege ieșirea cea mai facilă: brovo, ia și tu niște bani de aici, de la mama/ tata!

Daniel Pink, în cartea sa Drive, prezintă șapte efecte negative ale recompenselor materiale:

  • pot scădea motivația internă – învăț pentru că primesc bani de la stat, părinți etc. Banii sunt rezultatul, iar dacă nu îi mai primesc de la părinți în urma rezultatelor școlare o să-i caut în altă parte.
  • pot scădea performanța – trag tare și tocesc pentru a fi recompensat acum, iar dacă uit totul, pe urmă nu mai contează. Iată un experiment făcut de un grup de economiști în India. Au recrutat 87 de participanți cărora le-au cerut să se joace cîteva jocuri. Pentru a verifica teoria recompenselor ei ofereau unui grup 4 rupii pentru atingerea obiectivelor. Participanților din grupul cu recompense medii li se dădea 40 de rupii, iar celor din grupul cu recompense mari 400 de rupii. Rezultatele experiementului au arătat că grupul cu recompense medii a performat asemănător grupului cu recompense mici. Cei care au primit recompense mari au avut rezultatele cele mai slabe în opt dintre cele nouă probe la care au fost examinați.
  • pot scădea nivelul creativității
  • pot avea efecte negative asupra bunei purtări – cred mai mult din partea părinților, care ar putea face din successul copiilor o ambiție personală
  • pot crea premizele pentru un comportament lipsit de etică – oare cineva cu puțin sub acel 10 perfect cât și cui ar trebui să dea pentru a intra în grupul elitist?
  • pot crea dependență – dacă performanța este răsplătită constant cu bani, ea va trebui constant susținuță cu bani
  • încurajează gândirea pe termen scurt – fac ce fac să-mi iau examenele și pe urmă mai văd eu. Edward L. Deci și colegii săi au studiat 128 de experiemente în care era vorba despre recompense și au ajuns la concluzia că recompensele tangibile au efecte negative asupra motivației interne. „Când instituțiile (…) se orientează pe viitorul apropiat și optează pentru a controla comportamentul persoanelor, aduc prejudicii considerabile pe termen lung”.

Ce ar fi de îmbunătățit

  • Conștientizarea unor declanșatori motivaționali. Pentru a oferi recompense personalizate fiecăruia dintre cei aproximativ 130 de elevi cu media 10, e nevoie de o echipă relativ mică, dar dedicată găsirii de soluții win-win. Îmi imaginez o ofertă de servicii (ajutor pentru aplicări la universități/ companii etc.), conferințe, și bani, de unde elevii pot alege. Totul ar dura cel mult o săptămâna și ar transforma statul dintr-un părinte care „dă banu`” într-un părinte care se interesează.
  • Grupul de elevi poate participa la un workshop cu cei care gândesc programa școlară. Și așa unii dintre ei vor pleca la studii în afara României. Nemulțumirile lor pot fi un feedback valoros dacă cei care fac politicile de învățământ au urechi să asculte. Cuvântul cheie este COLABORARE. Bing Gordon, Chief Creative Officer al Electronic Arts, spunea într-un interviu acordat lui Kevin Werbach, că o greșeală frecventă o fac cei care cred că motivația principală într-un joc este dată de câștigarea acestuia când, de fapt, cooperarea bate competiția cu 3 la 1.
  • Recompensele pot fi gândite în așa fel încât să fie o investiție în învățătură, chiar dacă ea înseamnă plata unor teste, a drumului sau a cazării pe timpul studiilor
  • O responsabilitate mai mare poate fi la rândul ei o recompensă. Câți dintre cei care motivează plecarea din România nu ar vrea să contribuie la rezolvarea unor neajunsuri din educație? Cum pot fi ei implicați?

Resurse:

Daniel Pink. Drive: The Surprising Truth About What Motivates Us. 2010.

Karim R. Lakhani and Robert G. Wolf, „Why Hackers Do What They Do: Understanding Motivation and Effort in Free/ Open Source Software Projects,” in Perspectives on Free and Open Software, MIT Press, 2005.

Dan Ariely, Uri Gneezy, George Lowenstein, Nina Mazar – Large Stakes and Big Mistakes – Federal Reserve Bank of Boston Working Paper No. 05-11, July 23, 2005

Edward L. Deci, Richard M. Ryan, Richard Koestner, A Meta-Analytic Review of Experiments Examining the Effects of Extrinsic Rewards on Intrinsic Motivation, Psychological Bulletin 125, no. 6 (1999): 659.

Kevin Werbach, Gamification MOOC on Coursera, The Wharton School, Univ. of Pennsylvania

Scarcity Principle at Rabat Bus Station

Four fights started between 8:05 and 8:43 this morning (June 20) at the main bus station of Rabat/ Morocco. Three of them were more serious and required the assistance of nearby Police. I never imagined a man in a djellaba could be so aggressive with his legs 🙂

The bus station is an agglomeration of small boots approx. 1.5m/ 2.5m. They’re numbered 1 to 15 and are circling the lobby, each belonging to a bus company. The image of a fighting ring is not off, since most of the companies have ushers that sit in the middle and at the five entrances, screaming their company’s destinations. As soon as you make eye contact or give them a hint that you’re interested in their services, they guide you to the small, one man boot, where tickets are sold.

Since some companies have coinciding destinations, you can understand why people ushering travelers can get over excited over the scarce resources – travelers – that need to be shared with competition.

Quick read about scarcity on Wikipedia and on ChangingMinds.org

Thoughts on Traveling

Today my friend and business colleague from Morocco, Amine B., asked me why I travel so often and far from home. Why am I far from my family, and why am I not married yet? – it’s not uncommon for people here to get married in their mid twenties.

The question came as a surprise and my frugal response did not satisfy my friend’s curiosity. Neither was I happy with my answer.

So next week when I meet my fried I’ll explain him that it’s learning that I’m seeking and that living and working in different countries has taught me so much.

Living in Slovenia and Belgium allowed me to experience a work environment where trust, fairness and respect were almost unquestionable. It challenged my previous experience and this stuck with me ever since. I’ve taken this values and now they’re with me no matter where I move.

I perceived people in Poland as professional in their work, structured and respectful, while at the same time warm and friendly to strangers. I enjoyed tremendously my six months in Krakow and it’s this kind of structure in the work environment + warmth towards those around you that I’m seeking in the city that I’d like to call home.

Morocco had challenged my work values. As I said before, the structure that I’ve experienced in Slovenia, Belgium and Poland stuck with me, and Moroccans view time a bit… differently. This being said, it’s the country where I’ve met, by far!, the most hospitable people no matter where I’ve traveled. It was incredible to be hosted, fed, and helped by total strangers. From now on, I’ll do me best to replicate this kind of kindness and hospitality no matter where I am.

All these experiences have made me a better person. It’s hard to imagine a better way to become more cultural aware, more assertive (taxi drivers are taxi drivers no matter what country you are in), and more relaxed about cultural differences. Traveling has made me more respectful, more confident, more resilient and more detached. While this post has touched on the personal aspect of living and working abroad, I think it’s just as important to mention that the cultures I’ve experienced made me see things from more than one perspective. I’ve had the opportunity to build a set of skills that are easily transferable to a globalised work environment, and I believe that these skills and behaviors make me a better colleague and leader.

Disclaimer: this post is biased by my optimistic nature. My travel experiences are themselves strongly biased by that. Changing countries is not always easy and pleasant, and I’ve had my fair share of CRAP (Criticism, Rejection, Assholes, and Pressure). The positive aspects, though, greatly outnumber the negative.